{"_meta":{"country":"Deutschland","urlToken":"de","currency":"EUR","distanceUnit":"km","language":"de","annualKm":13000,"asOf":"2026-07-02","note":"Kernel-ready DE data (metric, fed as km-as-miles + mpg=100/(l/100km) → €). Strom 0,37 €/kWh (BDEW Haushaltsmix). Sprit 1,98 €/l (Steady-State nach Tankrabatt-Ende). BEV-Versicherung HÖHER als Verbrenner (deutsche Besonderheit). BEV Kfz-steuerbefreit (Basis 130 € Verbrenner, −130 € für BEV). Wertverlust: BEV schneller, Verbrenner/Diesel wertstabil. THG-Prämie + Kaufprämie separat ausgewiesen, nicht in den Gesamtkosten.","fleetExpansion2026_07":"+1 models added 2026-07-02: per-country Opus research, independently re-verified (price + efficiency re-fetched from official sources) before inclusion; calcOnly entries are calculator-selectable without dedicated pages.","luxuryExpansion2026_07":"+8 luxury models 2026-07-02 (per-country Opus research, independently re-verified; exotics excluded by policy)."},"rate":{"name":"Deutschland","electricityRatePerKWh":0.34,"gasPricePerGallon":1.87,"fuelPerLitre":1.87,"baseRegFee":130,"evRoadUseFee":-130,"electricitySource":"BDEW / Clean Energy Wire / Verivox Jan-2026: 2026 household avg ~0.34 €/kWh (0.329–0.349 band)","fuelSource":"ADAC via fuel-prices.eu 15-Jun-2026 / GlobalPetrolPrices 22-Jun-2026: E10 ~€1.87/L","dieselPerLitre":1.84,"dieselSource":"Automotive diesel pump price 1.84 EUR/L — GlobalPetrolPrices 29-Jun-2026 (ADAC-corroborated)"},"assumptions":{"chargingLossPct":{"value":0.12},"residualRetention":{"BEV":[1,0.7579,0.6421,0.5474,0.4632,0.4,0.3579,0.3158,0.2842,0.2632,0.2421],"ICE":[1,0.7908,0.7046,0.6308,0.5692,0.52,0.4708,0.4215,0.3846,0.3477,0.3108],"HEV":[1,0.7943,0.7043,0.6271,0.5886,0.55,0.4986,0.4471,0.4086,0.37,0.3314],"PHEV":[1,0.7302,0.6088,0.5279,0.474,0.42,0.366,0.3121,0.2716,0.2312,0.1907]},"maintenancePerMile":{"BEV":0.0385,"ICE":0.0615,"HEV":0.0577,"PHEV":0.0577},"insuranceAnnual":{"BEV":750,"ICE":700,"PHEV":760,"HEV":700},"regFeesAnnualBase":{"value":130},"publicVsHomeRateMultiple":{"value":2.5}},"incentives":[{"name":"Neue E-Auto-Kaufprämie 2026 (income-tested purchase grant)","amountEur":6000,"status":"active — retroactive to first registrations from 1 Jan 2026; portal opened ~May 2026","conditional":true,"detail":"PRIVATE buyers only. Gated on taxable household income ≤ €80.000 (+€5.000/child, max 2). Base ~€3.000 BEV / €1.500 PHEV-range-extender; +€1.000 if list price <€60.000; +€1.000 if income tier <€45.000. Range ≈ €1.500–€6.000; price cap ~€80.000. Pure ICE excluded. Decisive date = first registration. Model as a conditional MAX with income/price gate, NOT a flat rebate.","confidence":"LOW-MEDIUM — CONFLICTING SOURCES (see notes)","sources":["EAFO 'Germany's 2026 EV Incentive Programme' https://alternative-fuels-observatory.ec.europa.eu/general-information/news/germanys-2026-ev-incentive-programme-supporting-socially-targeted-ev","electrive.com 19 Jan 2026 'EV incentive scheme applies retroactively from 1 January 2026'","ADAC E-Auto-Förderung 2026 (bis 6.000 €) https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/elektromobilitaet/elektroauto/foerderung-elektroautos/","Finanztip E-Auto-Förderung https://www.finanztip.de/neuwagen-kaufen/e-auto-foerderung/"]},{"name":"THG-Quote / THG-Prämie (annual credit EV owners sell)","amountEur":300,"status":"active — recurring annual; 2026 payout ~€250–350 (declining trend)","conditional":true,"detail":"BEV owners sell their CO₂-savings certificate annually via a broker. Fully electric ONLY — PHEVs excluded. Application deadline 15 Nov each year (15 Nov 2026). Tax-free for private individuals. HONESTY FLAG: amount NOT guaranteed — some provider T&Cs allow €0 if no quota buyer found. Present as 'bis zu ~300 €/Jahr, nicht garantiert', subtract ~€300/yr from BEV running cost and flag the year (declining).","confidence":"medium-high (use ADAC conservative ~€300; ignore €450 marketing claims)","sources":["ADAC THG-Quote https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/elektromobilitaet/elektroauto/thg-quote/","Taylor Wessing 'THG quota 2026/2027' (May 2026)"]},{"name":"Kfz-Steuer-Befreiung (annual vehicle-tax exemption for BEVs)","amountEur":0,"status":"ACTIVE — full exemption up to 10 yrs for BEVs first registered through 31 Dec 2030; hard cap 31 Dec 2035","conditional":false,"detail":"Pure BEVs (and fuel-cell) = €0 Kfz-Steuer, applied automatically, transfers with ownership. Extension passed Dec 2025 (8th amending law; Bundestag 4 Dec 2025) raised the registration cut-off from 2025 to 31 Dec 2030. PHEVs do NOT qualify (taxed like ICE). §3d KraftStG. Model as the AVOIDED ICE tax (~€100–180/yr Benziner, ~€250–400/yr Diesel), not a cash grant. Unlike the expired UK VED relief, Germany's EV tax holiday is STILL ACTIVE.","confidence":"high","sources":["Bundesfinanzministerium PM 15 Oct 2025 https://www.bundesfinanzministerium.de/Content/DE/Pressemitteilungen/Finanzpolitik/2025/10/2025-10-15-steuerbefreiung-fuer-elektroautos.html","Bundestag KW49 2025 https://www.bundestag.de/dokumente/textarchiv/2025/kw49-de-kfz-steuer-1128200","ADAC Kfz-Steuer Elektroautos https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/elektromobilitaet/elektroauto/kfz-steuer-elektroautos/"]},{"name":"Dienstwagen-Regelung (company-car benefit-in-kind, for context)","amountEur":null,"status":"active — 0,25 % rule, threshold raised to €100.000 on 1 Jul 2025","conditional":true,"detail":"BEV gross list price ≤ €100.000 → 0,25 %/month taxed as BiK (cheap rate); >€100.000 → 0,5 %/month; ICE company car → 1 %/month. Threshold raised €70k→€100k from 1 Jul 2025 (acquire 1 Jul 2025–31 Dec 2030). Relevant only if a company-car mode is built; not a private-buyer purchase grant.","confidence":"high","sources":["ADAC Firmenwagen-Steuern https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/elektromobilitaet/elektroauto/elektroauto-firmenwagen-steuern/","Bundesfinanzministerium / biallo overview"]}],"vehicles":[{"id":"skoda-elroq-60","slug":"skoda-elroq-60","name":"Škoda Elroq 60","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":37390,"segment":"Compact SUV (C)","range":436,"kwhPer100mi":15.3,"kwhPer100km":15.3,"effDisplay":"15.3 kWh/100 km"},{"id":"volkswagen-id-3","slug":"volkswagen-id-3","name":"Volkswagen ID.3","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":34000,"segment":"Family hatchback (C)","range":455,"kwhPer100mi":13.9,"kwhPer100km":13.9,"effDisplay":"13.9 kWh/100 km"},{"id":"tesla-model-y","slug":"tesla-model-y","name":"Tesla Model Y","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":45970,"segment":"Mid-size SUV (D)","range":500,"kwhPer100mi":14.9,"kwhPer100km":14.9,"effDisplay":"14.9 kWh/100 km"},{"id":"skoda-enyaq-85","slug":"skoda-enyaq-85","name":"Škoda Enyaq 85","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":49890,"segment":"Mid-size SUV (D)","range":565,"kwhPer100mi":15.8,"kwhPer100km":15.8,"effDisplay":"15.8 kWh/100 km"},{"id":"volkswagen-id-7","slug":"volkswagen-id-7","name":"Volkswagen ID.7","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":56860,"segment":"Executive liftback (E)","range":608,"kwhPer100mi":14.1,"kwhPer100km":14.1,"effDisplay":"14.1 kWh/100 km"},{"id":"dacia-spring","slug":"dacia-spring","name":"Dacia Spring","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":16900,"segment":"City car (A)","range":225,"kwhPer100mi":14.6,"kwhPer100km":14.6,"effDisplay":"14.6 kWh/100 km"},{"id":"hyundai-inster","slug":"hyundai-inster","name":"Hyundai Inster","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":24400,"segment":"City car/small SUV (A)","range":327,"kwhPer100mi":14.3,"kwhPer100km":14.3,"effDisplay":"14.3 kWh/100 km"},{"id":"tesla-model-3","slug":"tesla-model-3","name":"Tesla Model 3","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":36990,"segment":"Compact executive saloon (D)","range":520,"kwhPer100mi":13.2,"kwhPer100km":13.2,"effDisplay":"13.2 kWh/100 km"},{"id":"volkswagen-id-4","slug":"volkswagen-id-4","name":"Volkswagen ID.4","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":46335,"segment":"Compact SUV (C/D)","range":570,"kwhPer100mi":15.3,"kwhPer100km":15.3,"effDisplay":"15.3 kWh/100 km"},{"id":"cupra-born","slug":"cupra-born","name":"Cupra Born","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":35990,"segment":"Family hatchback (C, sporty)","range":450,"kwhPer100mi":15.5,"kwhPer100km":15.5,"effDisplay":"15.5 kWh/100 km"},{"id":"audi-q4-e-tron-45","slug":"audi-q4-e-tron-45","name":"Audi Q4 e-tron 45","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":53500,"segment":"Premium compact SUV (C/D)","range":578,"kwhPer100mi":15.6,"kwhPer100km":15.6,"effDisplay":"15.6 kWh/100 km"},{"id":"bmw-ix1-edrive20","slug":"bmw-ix1-edrive20","name":"BMW iX1 eDrive20","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":49400,"segment":"Premium compact SUV (C)","range":514,"kwhPer100mi":16,"kwhPer100km":16,"effDisplay":"16 kWh/100 km"},{"id":"bmw-i4-edrive35","slug":"bmw-i4-edrive35","name":"BMW i4 eDrive35","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":57600,"segment":"Premium saloon/Gran Coupé (D)","range":514,"kwhPer100mi":14.8,"kwhPer100km":14.8,"effDisplay":"14.8 kWh/100 km"},{"id":"mercedes-benz-eqa-250","slug":"mercedes-benz-eqa-250","name":"Mercedes-Benz EQA 250+","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":51611,"segment":"Premium compact SUV (C)","range":561,"kwhPer100mi":14.4,"kwhPer100km":14.4,"effDisplay":"14.4 kWh/100 km"},{"id":"fiat-500e-42","slug":"fiat-500e-42","name":"Fiat 500e 42 kWh","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":34990,"segment":"City car (A)","range":320,"kwhPer100mi":14.3,"kwhPer100km":14.3,"effDisplay":"14.3 kWh/100 km"},{"id":"volkswagen-golf-1-5-tsi","slug":"volkswagen-golf-1-5-tsi","name":"Volkswagen Golf 1.5 TSI","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":28330,"segment":"Family hatchback (C)","range":null,"mpg":20,"lPer100km":5,"effDisplay":"5 l/100 km"},{"id":"volkswagen-tiguan-1-5-etsi","slug":"volkswagen-tiguan-1-5-etsi","name":"Volkswagen Tiguan 1.5 eTSI","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":39175,"segment":"Mid-size SUV (C/D)","range":null,"mpg":16.129,"lPer100km":6.2,"effDisplay":"6,2 l/100 km"},{"id":"volkswagen-tiguan-2-0-tdi","slug":"volkswagen-tiguan-2-0-tdi","name":"Volkswagen Tiguan 2.0 TDI","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":44000,"segment":"Mid-size SUV (C/D)","range":null,"mpg":17.857,"lPer100km":5.6,"effDisplay":"5,6 l/100 km","fuelType":"Diesel"},{"id":"vw-golf-2-0-tdi","slug":"vw-golf-2-0-tdi","name":"VW Golf 2.0 TDI","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":32000,"segment":"Family hatchback (C)","range":null,"mpg":21.739,"lPer100km":4.6,"effDisplay":"4,6 l/100 km","fuelType":"Diesel"},{"id":"skoda-octavia-combi-2-0-tdi","slug":"skoda-octavia-combi-2-0-tdi","name":"Škoda Octavia Combi 2.0 TDI","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":39150,"segment":"Estate/Kombi (C)","range":null,"mpg":20.833,"lPer100km":4.8,"effDisplay":"4,8 l/100 km","fuelType":"Diesel"},{"id":"bmw-320d","slug":"bmw-320d","name":"BMW 320d","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":55900,"segment":"Premium midsize saloon (D)","range":null,"mpg":18.182,"lPer100km":5.5,"effDisplay":"5,5 l/100 km","fuelType":"Diesel"},{"id":"mercedes-benz-c-220-d","slug":"mercedes-benz-c-220-d","name":"Mercedes-Benz C 220 d","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":50000,"segment":"Premium midsize saloon (D)","range":null,"mpg":20.833,"lPer100km":4.8,"effDisplay":"4,8 l/100 km"},{"id":"toyota-corolla-2-0-hybrid","slug":"toyota-corolla-2-0-hybrid","name":"Toyota Corolla 2.0 Hybrid","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":33340,"segment":"Family hatchback/estate (C)","range":null,"mpg":19.608,"lPer100km":5.1,"effDisplay":"5,1 l/100 km"},{"id":"opel-corsa-1-2-turbo","slug":"opel-corsa-1-2-turbo","name":"Opel Corsa 1.2 Turbo","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":22890,"segment":"Supermini (B)","range":null,"mpg":19.231,"lPer100km":5.2,"effDisplay":"5,2 l/100 km"},{"id":"dacia-sandero-tce-100","slug":"dacia-sandero-tce-100","name":"Dacia Sandero TCe 100","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":13590,"segment":"Supermini (B, budget)","range":null,"mpg":18.868,"lPer100km":5.3,"effDisplay":"5,3 l/100 km"},{"id":"vw-tiguan-ehybrid-life-150-kw","slug":"vw-tiguan-ehybrid-life-150-kw","name":"VW Tiguan eHybrid Life 150 kW","year":2026,"powertrain":"PHEV","msrp":48655,"segment":"C/D-segment SUV","range":120,"mpg":17.241,"lPer100km":5.8,"effDisplay":"5,8 l/100 km (kombiniert)","electricRangeKm":100,"electricKwhPer100mi":17.6,"electricKwhPer100km":17.6},{"id":"toyota-rav4-hybrid","slug":"toyota-rav4-hybrid","name":"Toyota RAV4 Hybrid","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":45200,"segment":"D-segment SUV","range":null,"mpg":18.182,"lPer100km":5.5,"effDisplay":"5,5 l/100 km"},{"id":"vw-t-roc-1-5-etsi","slug":"vw-t-roc-1-5-etsi","name":"VW T-Roc 1.5 eTSI Trend DSG","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":30845,"segment":"Compact SUV (C)","mpg":18.182,"lPer100km":5.5,"effDisplay":"5,5 l/100 km"},{"id":"bmw-i5-edrive40","slug":"bmw-i5-edrive40","name":"BMW i5 eDrive40 Limousine","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":70900,"segment":"Executive saloon (E)","range":627,"kwhPer100mi":14.7,"kwhPer100km":14.7,"effDisplay":"14.7 kWh/100 km"},{"id":"mercedes-benz-eqe-350-plus","slug":"mercedes-benz-eqe-350-plus","name":"Mercedes-Benz EQE 350+ Limousine","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":70627,"segment":"Executive saloon (E)","range":654,"kwhPer100mi":17.3,"kwhPer100km":17.3,"effDisplay":"17.3 kWh/100 km"},{"id":"mercedes-benz-glc-300-4matic-electric","slug":"mercedes-benz-glc-300-4matic-electric","name":"Mercedes-Benz GLC 300 4MATIC (electric)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":68306,"segment":"Mid-size SUV (D)","range":613,"kwhPer100mi":13.9,"kwhPer100km":13.9,"effDisplay":"13.9 kWh/100 km"},{"id":"audi-q6-e-tron-performance","slug":"audi-q6-e-tron-performance","name":"Audi Q6 e-tron performance","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":68800,"segment":"Premium mid-size SUV (D)","range":649,"kwhPer100mi":16.3,"kwhPer100km":16.3,"effDisplay":"16.3 kWh/100 km"},{"id":"audi-a6-sportback-e-tron","slug":"audi-a6-sportback-e-tron","name":"Audi A6 Sportback e-tron","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":62800,"segment":"Executive liftback (E)","range":626,"kwhPer100mi":13.6,"kwhPer100km":13.6,"effDisplay":"13.6 kWh/100 km"},{"id":"porsche-macan-electric","slug":"porsche-macan-electric","name":"Porsche Macan Electric","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":81200,"segment":"Premium mid-size SUV (D)","range":644,"kwhPer100mi":17,"kwhPer100km":17,"effDisplay":"17 kWh/100 km","calcOnly":true},{"id":"bmw-x3-30e-xdrive","slug":"bmw-x3-30e-xdrive","name":"BMW X3 30e xDrive","year":2026,"powertrain":"PHEV","msrp":66000,"segment":"Premium compact SUV (D)","range":90,"mpg":13.333,"lPer100km":7.5,"effDisplay":"0,9 l/100 km (kombiniert)","electricRangeKm":88,"electricKwhPer100mi":23,"electricKwhPer100km":23},{"id":"mercedes-benz-e-220-d","slug":"mercedes-benz-e-220-d","name":"Mercedes-Benz E 220 d Limousine","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":64320,"segment":"Executive saloon (E)","mpg":20.833,"lPer100km":4.8,"effDisplay":"4,8 l/100 km","fuelType":"Diesel"},{"id":"vw-passat-variant-1-5-etsi-dsg-base-trim","slug":"vw-passat-variant-1-5-etsi-dsg-base-trim","name":"VW Passat Variant 1.5 eTSI DSG (base trim)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":42540,"segment":"Midsize estate (Mittelklasse)","_source":"fleet-wave2 verified: ADAC Autokatalog (Grundpreis, ab 11/24 model) + MeinAuto configurator UVP MY2026 (€42,540 both) (asOf 2026-07-07, conf high)","mpg":18.868,"lPer100km":5.3,"effDisplay":"5.3 l/100 km"},{"id":"skoda-kodiaq-selection-1-5-tsi-mhev-dsg","slug":"skoda-kodiaq-selection-1-5-tsi-mhev-dsg","name":"Skoda Kodiaq Selection 1.5 TSI mHEV DSG","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":44190,"segment":"Midsize SUV (7-seat capable)","_source":"fleet-wave2 verified: ADAC Autokatalog (ab 05/25) + MeinAuto configurator UVP MY2026, both €44,190; Skoda DE official price sheet dated 19.02.2026 corroborates lineup (asOf 2026-07-07, conf high)","mpg":16.667,"lPer100km":6,"effDisplay":"6 l/100 km"},{"id":"seat-leon-style-1-5-tsi-85-kw-manual","slug":"seat-leon-style-1-5-tsi-85-kw-manual","name":"Seat Leon Style 1.5 TSI 85 kW (manual)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":29270,"segment":"Compact hatchback (C-segment)","_source":"fleet-wave2 verified: Official SEAT Deutschland price list PDF, Stand 03.06.2026 (UVP incl. 19% VAT): Leon Style 1.5 TSI 85 kW 6-Gang = 29,270 EUR (asOf 2026-06-03, conf high)","mpg":17.544,"lPer100km":5.7,"effDisplay":"5.7 l/100 km"},{"id":"skoda-fabia-essence-1-0-mpi-59-kw","slug":"skoda-fabia-essence-1-0-mpi-59-kw","name":"Skoda Fabia Essence 1.0 MPI 59 kW","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":20190,"segment":"Small car (B-segment)","_source":"fleet-wave2 verified: Official Skoda Auto Deutschland 'Preise und Ausstattung Fabia 2026' PDF (skoda-media.de, generated 12/2025): Essence 1.0 MPI 59 kW = 20,190.00 EUR; ADAC Autokat (asOf 2026-07-07, conf high)","mpg":19.608,"lPer100km":5.1,"effDisplay":"5.1 l/100 km"},{"id":"audi-a3-sportback-30-tfsi-manual","slug":"audi-a3-sportback-30-tfsi-manual","name":"Audi A3 Sportback 30 TFSI (manual)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":31300,"segment":"Premium compact hatchback","_source":"fleet-wave2 verified: ADAC Autokatalog (A3 Sportback 30 TFSI, Grundpreis €31,300) corroborated by Audi MY2026 official price list (audi.com, dated 09.06.2026) also showing 30 TFSI fr (asOf 2026-07-07, conf high)","mpg":18.868,"lPer100km":5.3,"effDisplay":"5.3 l/100 km"},{"id":"hyundai-tucson-select-1-6-t-gdi-manual","slug":"hyundai-tucson-select-1-6-t-gdi-manual","name":"Hyundai Tucson Select 1.6 T-GDI (manual)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":36490,"segment":"Compact SUV","_source":"fleet-wave2 verified: Official Hyundai Motor Deutschland 'TUCSON Varianten & Preise' page: cheapest variant Select petrol 1.6 T-GDI 110 kW 6MT = 36,490 EUR, WLTP 7.0 l/100km stated o (asOf 2026-07-07, conf high)","mpg":14.286,"lPer100km":7,"effDisplay":"7 l/100 km"}],"_license":"EVCostIQ data compilation © 2026 EVCostIQ. Sourced & dated figures for personal planning use. Bulk extraction / redistribution of the compilation is prohibited; database/compilation rights asserted (UK/EU sui generis). Attribution required.","_attribution":{"name":"EVCostIQ","url":"https://evcostiq.com","methodology":"https://evcostiq.com/methodology/"},"_canonicalUrl":"https://evcostiq.com/data/de/en.json","_canary":{"note":"Provenance watermark (documented). Not a data figure — do not use in calculations. Identical sentinel in EVCostIQ source = proof of origin.","sentinel":"1f7981758f97ef94","asOf":"2026-08-06"}}