{"_meta":{"country":"South Korea","urlToken":"kr","currency":"KRW","distanceUnit":"km","annualKm":13000,"asOf":"2026-07-02","note":"Kernel-ready South Korea data (metric: km-as-miles + mpg=100/(L/100km) → local currency). Electricity = honest home-charging blend. Residual anchored at the research 3-yr retained value, curve-scaled. Diesels dropped (single petrol fuel price modeled). Annual road tax NOT modeled (unsourced; applied equally to EV+ICE so the comparison stays fair). Research-gathered; low-confidence items kept as dated estimates.","fleetExpansion2026_07":"+4 models added 2026-07-02: per-country Opus research, independently re-verified (price + efficiency re-fetched from official sources) before inclusion; calcOnly entries are calculator-selectable without dedicated pages.","luxuryExpansion2026_07":"+9 luxury models 2026-07-02 (per-country Opus research, independently re-verified; exotics excluded by policy)."},"rate":{"name":"South Korea","electricityRatePerKWh":125,"gasPricePerGallon":2011,"fuelPerLitre":2011,"baseRegFee":0,"evRoadUseFee":0},"assumptions":{"chargingLossPct":{"value":0.12},"residualRetention":{"BEV":[1,0.7326,0.6047,0.5,0.407,0.3372,0.2907,0.2442,0.2093,0.186,0.1628],"ICE":[1,0.7847,0.696,0.62,0.5567,0.506,0.4553,0.4047,0.3667,0.3287,0.2907],"HEV":[1,0.8069,0.7224,0.65,0.6138,0.5776,0.5293,0.481,0.4448,0.4086,0.3724],"PHEV":[1,0.7429,0.6271,0.55,0.4986,0.4471,0.3957,0.3443,0.3057,0.2671,0.2286]},"maintenancePerMile":{"BEV":26.9231,"ICE":50,"HEV":46.1538,"PHEV":47.6923},"insuranceAnnual":{"BEV":850000,"ICE":750000,"PHEV":800000,"HEV":770000},"regFeesAnnualBase":{"value":0},"publicVsHomeRateMultiple":{"value":2.5}},"incentives":[{"name":"National EV purchase subsidy (gukbi bojogeum, passenger BEV)","amountLocal":6800000,"status":"active","note":"2026 maximum national subsidy, raised ~20% from 5.8M KRW. Income/price-tested: full amount only for BEVs under the 53,000,000 KRW price cap; tapered/reduced above it and means-tested by model efficiency & performance. SHOWN SEPARATELY - never folded into headline totals. Local-government top-ups (varies widely by city, ~1-9M KRW additional) NOT included."},{"name":"ICE scrappage conversion bonus (jeonhwanjiwongeum)","amountLocal":1000000,"status":"active","note":"2026 extra 1,000,000 KRW for buyers who scrap/sell an existing internal-combustion car when buying a BEV. Conditional (must own & retire an eligible ICE vehicle). Stacks on the national subsidy; shown SEPARATELY."}],"regionRows":[],"vehicles":[{"id":"kia-sorento-2-5-gasoline-turbo-prestige","slug":"kia-sorento-2-5-gasoline-turbo-prestige","name":"Kia Sorento 2.5 Gasoline Turbo Prestige","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":35800000,"segment":"Midsize SUV","range":null,"mpg":10.638,"lPer100km":9.4,"effDisplay":"9.4 L/100km"},{"id":"kia-sorento-1-6t-hybrid-2wd-prestige","slug":"kia-sorento-1-6t-hybrid-2wd-prestige","name":"Kia Sorento 1.6T Hybrid 2WD Prestige","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":38960000,"segment":"Midsize SUV","range":null,"mpg":15.385,"lPer100km":6.5,"effDisplay":"6.5 L/100km"},{"id":"hyundai-avante-1-6-gasoline-smart","slug":"hyundai-avante-1-6-gasoline-smart","name":"Hyundai Avante (Elantra) 1.6 Gasoline Smart","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":20340000,"segment":"Compact sedan","range":null,"mpg":14.925,"lPer100km":6.7,"effDisplay":"6.7 L/100km"},{"id":"hyundai-avante-hybrid-modern","slug":"hyundai-avante-hybrid-modern","name":"Hyundai Avante (Elantra) Hybrid Modern","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":27890000,"segment":"Compact sedan","range":null,"mpg":20.833,"lPer100km":4.8,"effDisplay":"4.8 L/100km"},{"id":"hyundai-grandeur-2-5-gasoline-premium","slug":"hyundai-grandeur-2-5-gasoline-premium","name":"Hyundai Grandeur 2.5 Gasoline Premium","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":37980000,"segment":"Full-size sedan","range":null,"mpg":10.989,"lPer100km":9.1,"effDisplay":"9.1 L/100km"},{"id":"hyundai-grandeur-hybrid-premium","slug":"hyundai-grandeur-hybrid-premium","name":"Hyundai Grandeur Hybrid Premium","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":43540000,"segment":"Full-size sedan","range":null,"mpg":18.868,"lPer100km":5.3,"effDisplay":"5.3 L/100km"},{"id":"kia-carnival-3-5-gasoline-9-seat-prestige","slug":"kia-carnival-3-5-gasoline-9-seat-prestige","name":"Kia Carnival 3.5 Gasoline 9-seat Prestige","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":36360000,"segment":"Minivan","range":null,"mpg":9.009,"lPer100km":11.1,"effDisplay":"11.1 L/100km"},{"id":"kia-carnival-1-6t-hybrid-prestige","slug":"kia-carnival-1-6t-hybrid-prestige","name":"Kia Carnival 1.6T Hybrid Prestige","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":40910000,"segment":"Minivan","range":null,"mpg":13.514,"lPer100km":7.4,"effDisplay":"7.4 L/100km"},{"id":"kia-sportage-1-6-gasoline-prestige","slug":"kia-sportage-1-6-gasoline-prestige","name":"Kia Sportage 1.6 Gasoline Prestige","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":28360000,"segment":"Compact SUV","range":null,"mpg":12.048,"lPer100km":8.3,"effDisplay":"8.3 L/100km"},{"id":"kia-sportage-1-6t-hybrid-prestige","slug":"kia-sportage-1-6t-hybrid-prestige","name":"Kia Sportage 1.6T Hybrid Prestige","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":33990000,"segment":"Compact SUV","range":null,"mpg":16.667,"lPer100km":6,"effDisplay":"6 L/100km"},{"id":"hyundai-santa-fe-hybrid-1-6t","slug":"hyundai-santa-fe-hybrid-1-6t","name":"Hyundai Santa Fe Hybrid 1.6T","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":39640000,"segment":"Midsize SUV","range":null,"mpg":15.625,"lPer100km":6.4,"effDisplay":"6.4 L/100km"},{"id":"hyundai-sonata-the-edge-2-0-hybrid","slug":"hyundai-sonata-the-edge-2-0-hybrid","name":"Hyundai Sonata The Edge 2.0 Hybrid","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":33000000,"segment":"Midsize sedan","range":null,"mpg":18.868,"lPer100km":5.3,"effDisplay":"5.3 L/100km"},{"id":"hyundai-ioniq-5-standard-e-value","slug":"hyundai-ioniq-5-standard-e-value","name":"Hyundai IONIQ 5 Standard E-VALUE+","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":47400000,"segment":"Midsize SUV (EV)","range":430,"kwhPer100mi":20,"kwhPer100km":20,"effDisplay":"20 kWh/100km"},{"id":"hyundai-ioniq-6-standard-e-value","slug":"hyundai-ioniq-6-standard-e-value","name":"Hyundai IONIQ 6 Standard E-VALUE+","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":48560000,"segment":"Midsize sedan (EV)","range":390,"kwhPer100mi":16.1,"kwhPer100km":16.1,"effDisplay":"16.1 kWh/100km"},{"id":"hyundai-kona-electric-standard-e-value","slug":"hyundai-kona-electric-standard-e-value","name":"Hyundai Kona Electric Standard E-VALUE+","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":41520000,"segment":"Subcompact SUV (EV)","range":311,"kwhPer100mi":17.9,"kwhPer100km":17.9,"effDisplay":"17.9 kWh/100km"},{"id":"kia-ev3-standard-air","slug":"kia-ev3-standard-air","name":"Kia EV3 Standard Air","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":39950000,"segment":"Subcompact SUV (EV)","range":350,"kwhPer100mi":18.9,"kwhPer100km":18.9,"effDisplay":"18.9 kWh/100km"},{"id":"kia-ev3-long-range-air","slug":"kia-ev3-long-range-air","name":"Kia EV3 Long Range Air","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":44150000,"segment":"Subcompact SUV (EV)","range":501,"kwhPer100mi":19.6,"kwhPer100km":19.6,"effDisplay":"19.6 kWh/100km"},{"id":"kia-ev4-standard-air","slug":"kia-ev4-standard-air","name":"Kia EV4 Standard Air","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":40420000,"segment":"Compact sedan (EV)","range":382,"kwhPer100mi":17.5,"kwhPer100km":17.5,"effDisplay":"17.5 kWh/100km"},{"id":"kia-ev6-light-standard","slug":"kia-ev6-light-standard","name":"Kia EV6 Light Standard","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":43600000,"segment":"Midsize SUV (EV)","range":430,"kwhPer100mi":20,"kwhPer100km":20,"effDisplay":"20 kWh/100km"},{"id":"kia-ev9-2wd-light-standard","slug":"kia-ev9-2wd-light-standard","name":"Kia EV9 2WD Light Standard","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":61970000,"segment":"Full-size SUV (EV)","range":443,"kwhPer100mi":27.8,"kwhPer100km":27.8,"effDisplay":"27.8 kWh/100km"},{"id":"tesla-model-y-premium-rwd","slug":"tesla-model-y-premium-rwd","name":"Tesla Model Y Premium RWD","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":62763980,"segment":"Midsize SUV (EV)","range":466,"kwhPer100mi":18.2,"kwhPer100km":18.2,"effDisplay":"18.2 kWh/100km"},{"id":"tesla-model-3-standard-rwd","slug":"tesla-model-3-standard-rwd","name":"Tesla Model 3 Standard RWD","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":51995980,"segment":"Compact sedan (EV)","range":513,"kwhPer100mi":16.7,"kwhPer100km":16.7,"effDisplay":"16.7 kWh/100km"},{"id":"hyundai-casper-electric-premium-long-range","slug":"hyundai-casper-electric-premium-long-range","name":"Hyundai Casper Electric (Inster) Premium Long Range","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":27870000,"segment":"A-segment SUV/city EV","range":315,"kwhPer100mi":15.6,"kwhPer100km":15.6,"effDisplay":"15.6 kWh/100km"},{"id":"kia-ray-1-0-gasoline","slug":"kia-ray-1-0-gasoline","name":"Kia Ray 1.0 Gasoline","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":13400000,"segment":"Kei-class city car (box)","range":null,"mpg":12.987,"lPer100km":7.7,"effDisplay":"7.7 L/100km"},{"id":"hyundai-tucson-1-6t-gasoline","slug":"hyundai-tucson-1-6t-gasoline","name":"Hyundai Tucson 1.6T Gasoline (NX4)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":27710000,"segment":"Compact SUV","range":null,"mpg":10.753,"lPer100km":9.3,"effDisplay":"9.3 L/100km"},{"id":"byd-seal-6-dm-i","slug":"byd-seal-6-dm-i","name":"BYD Seal 6 DM-i (씨라이언6)","year":2026,"powertrain":"PHEV","msrp":37500000,"segment":"Midsize sedan (PHEV)","range":null,"mpg":26.316,"lPer100km":3.8,"effDisplay":"3.8 L/100km (hybrid mode)","note":"Only mainstream PHEV with a published Korean-domestic MSRP — launched at the Busan Mobility Show 26 Jun 2026 from 37,500,000 KRW (₩3,750만원), ~70 km EV-only range, LFP blade battery. Hyundai/Kia PHEVs (Sorento/Sportage) are export-only with no domestic Korean price, so they are deliberately NOT added (honesty). Costed on the published WLTC charge-sustaining figure (~3.8 L/100km — BYD DM-i runs lean even battery-empty). Source: Seoul Economic Daily / Top-Rider.","electricRangeKm":100,"electricKwhPer100mi":16.4,"electricKwhPer100km":16.4},{"id":"hyundai-palisade-hybrid-exclusive-2wd-7-seat","slug":"hyundai-palisade-hybrid-exclusive-2wd-7-seat","name":"Hyundai Palisade Hybrid Exclusive 2WD 7-seat","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":51400000,"segment":"Full-size SUV","mpg":14.104,"lPer100km":7.09,"effDisplay":"7.09 L/100km"},{"id":"kia-seltos-1-6-gasoline-turbo-trendy-2wd","slug":"kia-seltos-1-6-gasoline-turbo-trendy-2wd","name":"Kia Seltos 1.6 Gasoline Turbo Trendy 2WD (all-new)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":24770000,"segment":"Compact SUV","mpg":12.5,"lPer100km":8,"effDisplay":"8 L/100km"},{"id":"genesis-gv70-gasoline-2-5-turbo-standard-2wd","slug":"genesis-gv70-gasoline-2-5-turbo-standard-2wd","name":"Genesis GV70 Gasoline 2.5 Turbo Standard 2WD","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":53180000,"segment":"Midsize SUV","mpg":10.204,"lPer100km":9.8,"effDisplay":"9.8 L/100km"},{"id":"hyundai-porter-ii-electric-smart-special","slug":"hyundai-porter-ii-electric-smart-special","name":"Hyundai Porter II Electric Smart Special","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":44850000,"segment":"1-ton light commercial truck (EV)","range":217,"kwhPer100mi":32.26,"kwhPer100km":32.26,"effDisplay":"32.26 kWh/100km","note":"2026 Porter II Electric, launched Dec 2025. 60.4 kWh Li-ion, 217 km MOLIT one-charge range, 150 kW DC. Combined 3.1 km/kWh on Smart/Premium Special (=32.26 kWh/100km); base Style Special lower. 1-ton light commercial truck, differs from the passenger fleet but nationally top-selling. Trims: Style 43,500,000 / Smart 44,850,000 / Premium 46,450,000 KRW."},{"id":"genesis-g80-gasoline-2-5-turbo-2wd","slug":"genesis-g80-gasoline-2-5-turbo-2wd","name":"Genesis G80 Gasoline 2.5 Turbo 2WD","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":60630000,"segment":"Full-size luxury sedan","mpg":10.6,"lPer100km":9.434,"effDisplay":"9.4 L/100km"},{"id":"genesis-gv80-gasoline-2-5-turbo-2wd","slug":"genesis-gv80-gasoline-2-5-turbo-2wd","name":"Genesis GV80 Gasoline 2.5 Turbo 2WD","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":67900000,"segment":"Midsize luxury SUV","mpg":9.3,"lPer100km":10.753,"effDisplay":"10.8 L/100km"},{"id":"genesis-electrified-gv70-awd","slug":"genesis-electrified-gv70-awd","name":"Genesis Electrified GV70 AWD","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":75799867,"segment":"Midsize luxury SUV (EV)","range":423,"kwhPer100mi":22.22,"kwhPer100km":22.22,"effDisplay":"22.22 kWh/100km"},{"id":"genesis-electrified-g80-awd","slug":"genesis-electrified-g80-awd","name":"Genesis Electrified G80 AWD","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":89190000,"segment":"Full-size luxury sedan (EV)","range":475,"kwhPer100mi":22.727,"kwhPer100km":22.727,"effDisplay":"22.73 kWh/100km"},{"id":"bmw-520i-g60","slug":"bmw-520i-g60","name":"BMW 520i","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":70700000,"segment":"Executive luxury sedan","mpg":12.1,"lPer100km":8.264,"effDisplay":"8.3 L/100km"},{"id":"mercedes-benz-e200-avantgarde","slug":"mercedes-benz-e200-avantgarde","name":"Mercedes-Benz E200 Avantgarde","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":77500000,"segment":"Executive luxury sedan","mpg":12.3,"lPer100km":8.13,"effDisplay":"8.1 L/100km"},{"id":"lexus-es-300h-luxury-plus","slug":"lexus-es-300h-luxury-plus","name":"Lexus ES 300h Luxury+","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":66900000,"segment":"Executive luxury sedan","mpg":17.2,"lPer100km":5.814,"effDisplay":"5.8 L/100km"},{"id":"audi-a6-40-tfsi-comfort","slug":"audi-a6-40-tfsi-comfort","name":"Audi A6 40 TFSI Comfort","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":65190000,"segment":"Executive luxury sedan","mpg":10.7,"lPer100km":9.346,"effDisplay":"9.3 L/100km","calcOnly":true},{"id":"volvo-xc60-b5-awd-plus","slug":"volvo-xc60-b5-awd-plus","name":"Volvo XC60 B5 AWD Plus","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":64816020,"segment":"Midsize luxury SUV","mpg":10.7,"lPer100km":9.346,"effDisplay":"9.3 L/100km","calcOnly":true}],"_license":"EVCostIQ data compilation © 2026 EVCostIQ. Sourced & dated figures for personal planning use. Bulk extraction / redistribution of the compilation is prohibited; database/compilation rights asserted (UK/EU sui generis). Attribution required.","_attribution":{"name":"EVCostIQ","url":"https://evcostiq.com","methodology":"https://evcostiq.com/methodology/"},"_canonicalUrl":"https://evcostiq.com/data/kr/en.json","_canary":{"note":"Provenance watermark (documented). Not a data figure — do not use in calculations. Identical sentinel in EVCostIQ source = proof of origin.","sentinel":"f20eb4e05a46d61c","asOf":"2026-07-01"}}