{"_meta":{"country":"Netherlands","urlToken":"nl","currency":"EUR","distanceUnit":"km","annualKm":11000,"asOf":"2026-07-02","note":"Kernel-ready Netherlands data (metric: km-as-miles + mpg=100/(L/100km) → local currency). Electricity = honest home-charging blend. Residual anchored at the research 3-yr retained value, curve-scaled. Diesels dropped (single petrol fuel price modeled). Annual road tax NOT modeled (unsourced; applied equally to EV+ICE so the comparison stays fair). Research-gathered; low-confidence items kept as dated estimates.","fleetExpansion2026_07":"+4 models added 2026-07-02: per-country Opus research, independently re-verified (price + efficiency re-fetched from official sources) before inclusion; calcOnly entries are calculator-selectable without dedicated pages.","luxuryExpansion2026_07":"+11 luxury models 2026-07-02 (per-country Opus research, independently re-verified; exotics excluded by policy)."},"rate":{"name":"Netherlands","electricityRatePerKWh":0.28,"gasPricePerGallon":2.21,"fuelPerLitre":2.21,"baseRegFee":0,"evRoadUseFee":0},"assumptions":{"chargingLossPct":{"value":0.12},"residualRetention":{"BEV":[1,0.6951,0.5493,0.43,0.324,0.2444,0.1914,0.1384,0.0986,0.0721,0.05],"ICE":[1,0.7167,0.6,0.5,0.4167,0.35,0.2833,0.2167,0.1667,0.1167,0.0667],"HEV":[1,0.7352,0.6193,0.52,0.4703,0.4207,0.3545,0.2883,0.2386,0.189,0.1393],"PHEV":[1,0.6857,0.5443,0.45,0.3871,0.3243,0.2614,0.1986,0.1514,0.1043,0.0571]},"maintenancePerMile":{"BEV":0.0345,"ICE":0.0564,"HEV":0.0491,"PHEV":0.0509},"insuranceAnnual":{"BEV":780,"ICE":660,"PHEV":760,"HEV":690},"regFeesAnnualBase":{"value":0},"publicVsHomeRateMultiple":{"value":2.5}},"incentives":[{"name":"Bijtelling (company-car BIK) reduced rate for zero-emission","amountLocal":"18% on first 30,000 EUR cat. value, 22% on remainder (vs flat 22% ICE/HEV/PHEV)","status":"active","note":"THE big NL lever — but ONLY company/lease drivers, not private buyers. Rate locked 60 months from first registration. Phasing out: 2027=20% on first 30k; from 2028 flat 22% (parity)."},{"name":"SEPP — private purchase subsidy (new & used EV)","amountLocal":0,"status":"expired","note":"FLAG: CLOSED PERMANENTLY. Ran 2020-2025; final deadline 27 Dec 2024 (budget exhausted). NO private purchase subsidy in 2026. Do NOT present as available (historical: 2,950 new / 2,000 used)."},{"name":"MRB (road tax) discount for zero-emission","amountLocal":"30% discount (pay 70% of weight-based MRB)","status":"active","note":"BEVs 2026-2028. Phase-out: 25% in 2029, 0% from 2030. Partly offsets heavy-battery weight penalty. Model the schedule for multi-year TCO."},{"name":"BPM (registration tax) fixed fee for BEVs","amountLocal":677,"status":"active","note":"2026 inflation-indexed (was 667 in 2025). Since 2025 BEVs pay small fixed BPM (was 0); far below CO2-tiered ICE BPM."},{"name":"Inruilregeling — trade-in/scrappage for USED EV (low/mid income)","amountLocal":0,"status":"announced","note":"FLAG: NOT yet open (announced Q4 2026). Budget ~50M total (2M 2026, 30M 2027, 20M 2028). Scrap fossil (Euro 1-4) + buy USED BEV. Income cap unset; via RVO. CONFIRM amount/limits/criteria before publishing — terms pending. amountLocal=0 placeholder (TBD)."}],"regionRows":[],"vehicles":[{"id":"tesla-model-y-standard","slug":"tesla-model-y-standard","name":"Tesla Model Y Standard (RWD)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":40990,"segment":"SUV-C","range":500,"kwhPer100mi":15,"kwhPer100km":15,"effDisplay":"15 kWh/100km"},{"id":"tesla-model-3-standard","slug":"tesla-model-3-standard","name":"Tesla Model 3 Standard (RWD)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":36990,"segment":"sedan-D","range":520,"kwhPer100mi":13.5,"kwhPer100km":13.5,"effDisplay":"13.5 kWh/100km"},{"id":"kia-ev3-standard-range","slug":"kia-ev3-standard-range","name":"Kia EV3 Standard Range (58.3 kWh)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":36995,"segment":"SUV-C","range":436,"kwhPer100mi":14.9,"kwhPer100km":14.9,"effDisplay":"14.9 kWh/100km"},{"id":"kia-ev3-long-range","slug":"kia-ev3-long-range","name":"Kia EV3 Long Range (81.4 kWh)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":41995,"segment":"SUV-C","range":572,"kwhPer100mi":15.8,"kwhPer100km":15.8,"effDisplay":"15.8 kWh/100km"},{"id":"skoda-elroq-50-60","slug":"skoda-elroq-50-60","name":"Skoda Elroq 50 / 60","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":34990,"segment":"SUV-C","range":470,"kwhPer100mi":15.5,"kwhPer100km":15.5,"effDisplay":"15.5 kWh/100km"},{"id":"skoda-elroq-85","slug":"skoda-elroq-85","name":"Skoda Elroq 85","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":44180,"segment":"SUV-C","range":560,"kwhPer100mi":16,"kwhPer100km":16,"effDisplay":"16 kWh/100km"},{"id":"volvo-ex30-single-motor-extended-range","slug":"volvo-ex30-single-motor-extended-range","name":"Volvo EX30 Single Motor Extended Range","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":34995,"segment":"SUV-B","range":475,"kwhPer100mi":16.7,"kwhPer100km":16.7,"effDisplay":"16.7 kWh/100km"},{"id":"volkswagen-id-4-pro","slug":"volkswagen-id-4-pro","name":"Volkswagen ID.4 Pro (RWD)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":44194,"segment":"SUV-D","range":540,"kwhPer100mi":16.5,"kwhPer100km":16.5,"effDisplay":"16.5 kWh/100km"},{"id":"volkswagen-id-7-pro","slug":"volkswagen-id-7-pro","name":"Volkswagen ID.7 Pro","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":52250,"segment":"sedan-D","range":600,"kwhPer100mi":15.5,"kwhPer100km":15.5,"effDisplay":"15.5 kWh/100km"},{"id":"renault-megane-e-tech-ev60","slug":"renault-megane-e-tech-ev60","name":"Renault Megane E-Tech EV60 (Business Ed.)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":32990,"segment":"hatch-C","range":450,"kwhPer100mi":16.1,"kwhPer100km":16.1,"effDisplay":"16.1 kWh/100km"},{"id":"volkswagen-id-3-pro","slug":"volkswagen-id-3-pro","name":"Volkswagen ID.3 Pro","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":38990,"segment":"hatch-C","range":450,"kwhPer100mi":15.6,"kwhPer100km":15.6,"effDisplay":"15.6 kWh/100km"},{"id":"mg4-standard","slug":"mg4-standard","name":"MG4 Standard (51 kWh)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":29985,"segment":"hatch-C","range":350,"kwhPer100mi":16,"kwhPer100km":16,"effDisplay":"16 kWh/100km"},{"id":"kia-picanto-1-0","slug":"kia-picanto-1-0","name":"Kia Picanto 1.0","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":18200,"segment":"city-A","range":null,"mpg":18.519,"lPer100km":5.4,"effDisplay":"5.4 L/100km"},{"id":"toyota-yaris-1-5-hybrid","slug":"toyota-yaris-1-5-hybrid","name":"Toyota Yaris 1.5 Hybrid","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":25900,"segment":"hatch-B","range":null,"mpg":26.316,"lPer100km":3.8,"effDisplay":"3.8 L/100km"},{"id":"toyota-yaris-cross-1-5-hybrid-130","slug":"toyota-yaris-cross-1-5-hybrid-130","name":"Toyota Yaris Cross 1.5 Hybrid 130","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":33295,"segment":"SUV-B","range":null,"mpg":22.222,"lPer100km":4.5,"effDisplay":"4.5 L/100km"},{"id":"toyota-corolla-1-8-hybrid-140","slug":"toyota-corolla-1-8-hybrid-140","name":"Toyota Corolla 1.8 Hybrid 140 (hatch)","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":32995,"segment":"hatch-C","range":null,"mpg":22.222,"lPer100km":4.5,"effDisplay":"4.5 L/100km"},{"id":"toyota-corolla-cross-1-8-hybrid-140","slug":"toyota-corolla-cross-1-8-hybrid-140","name":"Toyota Corolla Cross 1.8 Hybrid 140","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":39495,"segment":"SUV-C","range":null,"mpg":20,"lPer100km":5,"effDisplay":"5 L/100km"},{"id":"volkswagen-golf-1-5-etsi-mild-hybrid","slug":"volkswagen-golf-1-5-etsi-mild-hybrid","name":"Volkswagen Golf 1.5 eTSI mild-hybrid","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":37500,"segment":"hatch-C","range":null,"mpg":18.182,"lPer100km":5.5,"effDisplay":"5.5 L/100km"},{"id":"volkswagen-polo-1-0-tsi","slug":"volkswagen-polo-1-0-tsi","name":"Volkswagen Polo 1.0 TSI","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":24500,"segment":"hatch-B","range":null,"mpg":18.868,"lPer100km":5.3,"effDisplay":"5.3 L/100km"},{"id":"volkswagen-tiguan-1-5-ehybrid","slug":"volkswagen-tiguan-1-5-ehybrid","name":"Volkswagen Tiguan 1.5 eHybrid (PHEV)","year":2026,"powertrain":"PHEV","msrp":47500,"segment":"SUV-D","range":null,"mpg":15.385,"effDisplay":"1.2 L/100km (blended)","lPer100km":6.5,"electricRangeKm":100,"electricKwhPer100mi":17.6,"electricKwhPer100km":17.6},{"id":"skoda-octavia-1-5-tsi","slug":"skoda-octavia-1-5-tsi","name":"Skoda Octavia 1.5 TSI","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":34000,"segment":"estate-C","range":null,"mpg":17.857,"lPer100km":5.6,"effDisplay":"5.6 L/100km"},{"id":"toyota-aygo-x-hybrid","slug":"toyota-aygo-x-hybrid","name":"Toyota Aygo X Hybrid","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":23750,"segment":"A-segment city car","range":null,"mpg":23.256,"lPer100km":4.3,"effDisplay":"4.3 L/100km"},{"id":"peugeot-e-2008-50-kwh-active","slug":"peugeot-e-2008-50-kwh-active","name":"Peugeot e-2008 50 kWh Active","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":38970,"segment":"Compact SUV","range":406,"kwhPer100mi":15.5,"kwhPer100km":15.5,"effDisplay":"15.5 kWh/100km"},{"id":"toyota-c-hr-1-8-hybrid","slug":"toyota-c-hr-1-8-hybrid","name":"Toyota C-HR 1.8 Hybrid","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":36495,"segment":"Compact crossover","range":null,"mpg":19.231,"lPer100km":5.2,"effDisplay":"5.2 L/100km"},{"id":"hyundai-kona-1-6-gdi-hev-comfort","slug":"hyundai-kona-1-6-gdi-hev-comfort","name":"Hyundai Kona 1.6 GDI Hybrid Comfort","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":37295,"segment":"SUV-B","mpg":20.833,"lPer100km":4.8,"effDisplay":"4.8 L/100km"},{"id":"ford-kuga-phev-trend-business","slug":"ford-kuga-phev-trend-business","name":"Ford Kuga Plug-in Hybrid Trend Business (PHEV)","year":2026,"powertrain":"PHEV","msrp":38990,"segment":"SUV-C","mpg":18.182,"effDisplay":"0.9 L/100km (blended)","lPer100km":5.5,"electricRangeKm":65.5,"electricKwhPer100mi":15.3,"electricKwhPer100km":15.3},{"id":"kia-niro-1-6-gdi-hev-comfortline","slug":"kia-niro-1-6-gdi-hev-comfortline","name":"Kia Niro Hybrid ComfortLine","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":36195,"segment":"SUV-C","mpg":22.222,"lPer100km":4.5,"effDisplay":"4.5 L/100km"},{"id":"renault-5-e-tech-52kwh-150-techno","slug":"renault-5-e-tech-52kwh-150-techno","name":"Renault 5 E-Tech Electric comfort range 150 (techno)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":33290,"segment":"hatch-B","range":416,"kwhPer100mi":14.8,"kwhPer100km":14.8,"effDisplay":"14.8 kWh/100km"},{"id":"bmw-ix1-edrive20","slug":"bmw-ix1-edrive20","name":"BMW iX1 eDrive20","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":46405,"segment":"SUV-C","range":516,"kwhPer100mi":14.2,"kwhPer100km":14.2,"effDisplay":"14.2 kWh/100km"},{"id":"audi-q4-e-tron-edition-150kw","slug":"audi-q4-e-tron-edition-150kw","name":"Audi Q4 e-tron edition (150 kW)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":45990,"segment":"SUV-C","range":357,"kwhPer100mi":16.5,"kwhPer100km":16.5,"effDisplay":"16.5 kWh/100km"},{"id":"volvo-ex40-single-motor-extended-range","slug":"volvo-ex40-single-motor-extended-range","name":"Volvo EX40 Single Motor Extended Range","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":48995,"segment":"SUV-C","range":576,"kwhPer100mi":16.6,"kwhPer100km":16.6,"effDisplay":"16.6 kWh/100km"},{"id":"bmw-i4-edrive35","slug":"bmw-i4-edrive35","name":"BMW i4 eDrive35","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":60700,"segment":"sedan-D","range":514,"kwhPer100mi":14.7,"kwhPer100km":14.7,"effDisplay":"14.7 kWh/100km"},{"id":"lexus-rz-300e","slug":"lexus-rz-300e","name":"Lexus RZ 300e","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":54495,"segment":"SUV-D","range":480,"kwhPer100mi":15.6,"kwhPer100km":15.6,"effDisplay":"15.6 kWh/100km"},{"id":"audi-a6-sportback-e-tron","slug":"audi-a6-sportback-e-tron","name":"Audi A6 Sportback e-tron","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":59990,"segment":"sedan-E","range":627,"kwhPer100mi":13.6,"kwhPer100km":13.6,"effDisplay":"13.6 kWh/100km","calcOnly":true},{"id":"mercedes-benz-cla-250-plus-eq","slug":"mercedes-benz-cla-250-plus-eq","name":"Mercedes-Benz CLA 250+ (EQ Technology)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":53554,"segment":"sedan-C","range":773,"kwhPer100mi":13,"kwhPer100km":13,"effDisplay":"13 kWh/100km","calcOnly":true},{"id":"mercedes-benz-glc-300e-4matic-phev","slug":"mercedes-benz-glc-300e-4matic-phev","name":"Mercedes-Benz GLC 300e 4MATIC (plug-in hybrid)","year":2026,"powertrain":"PHEV","msrp":73804,"segment":"SUV-D","mpg":14.286,"effDisplay":"0.6 L/100km (blended)","calcOnly":true,"lPer100km":7,"electricRangeKm":100,"electricKwhPer100mi":20.4,"electricKwhPer100km":20.4},{"id":"volvo-xc60-phev-t6-awd-essential","slug":"volvo-xc60-phev-t6-awd-essential","name":"Volvo XC60 plug-in hybrid T6 AWD (Essential)","year":2026,"powertrain":"PHEV","msrp":61995,"segment":"SUV-D","mpg":12.195,"effDisplay":"3.1 L/100km (blended)","lPer100km":8.2,"electricRangeKm":78,"electricKwhPer100mi":19.4,"electricKwhPer100km":19.4},{"id":"bmw-ix2-edrive20","slug":"bmw-ix2-edrive20","name":"BMW iX2 eDrive20","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":51840,"segment":"SUV-C","range":516,"kwhPer100mi":14.2,"kwhPer100km":14.2,"effDisplay":"14.2 kWh/100km","calcOnly":true},{"id":"porsche-macan-electric-rwd","slug":"porsche-macan-electric-rwd","name":"Porsche Macan Electric (RWD)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":86000,"segment":"SUV-D","range":645,"kwhPer100mi":16.6,"kwhPer100km":16.6,"effDisplay":"16.6 kWh/100km","calcOnly":true}],"_license":"EVCostIQ data compilation © 2026 EVCostIQ. Sourced & dated figures for personal planning use. Bulk extraction / redistribution of the compilation is prohibited; database/compilation rights asserted (UK/EU sui generis). Attribution required.","_attribution":{"name":"EVCostIQ","url":"https://evcostiq.com","methodology":"https://evcostiq.com/methodology/"},"_canonicalUrl":"https://evcostiq.com/data/nl/en.json","_canary":{"note":"Provenance watermark (documented). Not a data figure — do not use in calculations. Identical sentinel in EVCostIQ source = proof of origin.","sentinel":"f20eb4e05a46d61c","asOf":"2026-07-01"}}