{"_meta":{"country":"Thailand","urlToken":"th","currency":"THB","distanceUnit":"km","annualKm":15000,"asOf":"2026-07-02","note":"Kernel-ready Thailand data (metric: km-as-miles + mpg=100/(L/100km) → THB). Electricity = honest home-charging blend weighted toward EV-TOU night charging (3.30 THB/kWh; NOT the rock-bottom 2.94 night rate). Single petrol fuel modeled = Gasohol 95 (39.0 THB/L). Diesel pickups (Hilux/D-Max diesel) DROPPED because the kernel costs one petrol price; a diesel row at the petrol price would be dishonest. BEV residual set DELIBERATELY pessimistic per Krungsri Research (used-BEV market: -23% off the lot, ~-6.1%/yr, floors ~30% of list) — the single biggest 5-yr TCO swing factor in this market. EV3.5 BEV purchase subsidy modeled at the 2026 top band (50,000 THB); PHEV/HEV = 0 (BEV-only). Maintenance/insurance = kernel powertrain defaults (no TH-local figure sourced) — flagged as proxy, not a fabricated THB figure; they make BEV maintenance CHEAPER yet the honest verdict still favors HEV, so they do not prop up the EV. Annual road tax NOT modeled (applied equally to EV+ICE so the comparison stays fair). Sources: capsolar.co.th + greenenergythailand (electricity); NationThailand 19-Jun-2026 + GlobalPetrolPrices (Gasohol 95); EY + ASEANBriefing (EV3.5); paultan/electriccar-byd/zigwheels/thairath (MSRP+specs); Krungsri Research (depreciation). All accessed 2026-06-30.","fleetExpansion2026_07":"+5 models added 2026-07-02: per-country Opus research, independently re-verified (price + efficiency re-fetched from official sources) before inclusion; calcOnly entries are calculator-selectable without dedicated pages.","luxuryExpansion2026_07":"+8 luxury models 2026-07-02 (per-country Opus research, independently re-verified; exotics excluded by policy)."},"rate":{"name":"Thailand","electricityRatePerKWh":3.3,"gasPricePerGallon":39,"fuelPerLitre":39,"baseRegFee":0,"evRoadUseFee":0,"dieselPerLitre":34.94,"dieselSource":"B7 diesel THB 37.50 - 2.56 cut effective 8 Jul 2026 = 34.94 THB/L (Bangkok retail)"},"assumptions":{"chargingLossPct":{"value":0.12},"residualRetention":{"BEV":[1,0.62,0.5,0.4,0.33,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3],"HEV":[1,0.78,0.68,0.6,0.54,0.49,0.44,0.4,0.36,0.33,0.3],"PHEV":[1,0.72,0.61,0.52,0.45,0.4,0.36,0.32,0.29,0.27,0.25],"ICE":[1,0.8,0.7,0.62,0.55,0.49,0.43,0.38,0.34,0.3,0.27]},"maintenancePerMile":{"BEV":0.28,"ICE":0.56,"HEV":0.48,"PHEV":0.52},"insuranceAnnual":{"BEV":18000,"ICE":13000,"PHEV":15000,"HEV":13000},"regFeesAnnualBase":{"value":0},"publicVsHomeRateMultiple":{"value":2.5}},"incentives":[{"name":"EV3.5 BEV purchase subsidy (2024–2027)","amountLocal":50000,"status":"active","note":"Thailand's BEV 3.5 package: per-unit purchase subsidy for pure BEV passenger cars priced ≤ 2,000,000 THB. Modeled at the 2026 top band (50,000 THB), stepped down from ~150k under the old EV3.0 (≈100k 2024 → 75k 2025 → 50k 2026 for batteries ≥ 50 kWh; 20–50k for < 50 kWh). Conservative: the 2026 BEV price war already bakes most savings into the sticker, so stacking a high subsidy would double-count. Also pairs with an excise-tax cut 8%→2% for BEVs. PHEV/HEV get NO EV3.5 cash. Shown for context; never added into headline totals. Source: EY + ASEANBriefing, accessed 2026-06-30. Confirm current terms before purchase."}],"regionRows":[],"vehicles":[{"id":"byd-atto-1-premium","slug":"byd-atto-1-premium","name":"BYD Atto 1 (Premium)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":429900,"segment":"City BEV hatch","range":380,"kwhPer100mi":12,"kwhPer100km":12,"effDisplay":"12 kWh/100km"},{"id":"byd-dolphin-std-range","slug":"byd-dolphin-std-range","name":"BYD Dolphin (Standard Range)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":509900,"segment":"Compact BEV hatch","range":340,"kwhPer100mi":13.6,"kwhPer100km":13.6,"effDisplay":"13.6 kWh/100km"},{"id":"mg4-electric-d-std-range","slug":"mg4-electric-d-std-range","name":"MG4 Electric (D Standard Range)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":579900,"segment":"Compact BEV hatch","range":425,"kwhPer100mi":16,"kwhPer100km":16,"effDisplay":"16 kWh/100km"},{"id":"mg-zs-ev-standard","slug":"mg-zs-ev-standard","name":"MG ZS EV (Standard)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":599000,"segment":"Compact BEV SUV","range":320,"kwhPer100mi":17,"kwhPer100km":17,"effDisplay":"17 kWh/100km"},{"id":"neta-v-ii-lite","slug":"neta-v-ii-lite","name":"Neta V-II (Lite)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":549000,"segment":"City BEV crossover","range":382,"kwhPer100mi":14.5,"kwhPer100km":14.5,"effDisplay":"14.5 kWh/100km"},{"id":"byd-atto-3-extended","slug":"byd-atto-3-extended","name":"BYD Atto 3 (Extended Range)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":769900,"segment":"Compact BEV SUV","range":480,"kwhPer100mi":13.8,"kwhPer100km":13.8,"effDisplay":"13.8 kWh/100km"},{"id":"byd-seal-6-dynamic","slug":"byd-seal-6-dynamic","name":"BYD Seal (Seal 6 Dynamic)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":899900,"segment":"Mid-size BEV sedan","range":500,"kwhPer100mi":15.5,"kwhPer100km":15.5,"effDisplay":"15.5 kWh/100km"},{"id":"tesla-model-3-standard-rwd","slug":"tesla-model-3-standard-rwd","name":"Tesla Model 3 (Standard RWD)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":1149000,"segment":"Mid-size BEV sedan","range":534,"kwhPer100mi":14.5,"kwhPer100km":14.5,"effDisplay":"14.5 kWh/100km"},{"id":"changan-deepal-l07","slug":"changan-deepal-l07","name":"Changan Deepal L07","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":1329000,"segment":"Mid-size BEV sedan","range":540,"kwhPer100mi":16.5,"kwhPer100km":16.5,"effDisplay":"16.5 kWh/100km"},{"id":"isuzu-d-max-ev-double-cab","slug":"isuzu-d-max-ev-double-cab","name":"Isuzu D-Max EV (double-cab)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":1591000,"segment":"BEV pickup","range":280,"kwhPer100mi":24,"kwhPer100km":24,"effDisplay":"24 kWh/100km"},{"id":"byd-seal-5-dm-i-dynamic","slug":"byd-seal-5-dm-i-dynamic","name":"BYD Seal 5 DM-i (Dynamic)","year":2026,"powertrain":"PHEV","msrp":659900,"segment":"Compact PHEV sedan","range":80,"mpg":28.571,"effDisplay":"3.5 L/100km (petrol)","lPer100km":3.5,"electricRangeKm":80,"electricKwhPer100mi":15,"electricKwhPer100km":15},{"id":"byd-sealion-6-dm-i-dynamic","slug":"byd-sealion-6-dm-i-dynamic","name":"BYD Sealion 6 DM-i (Dynamic)","year":2026,"powertrain":"PHEV","msrp":939900,"segment":"Compact PHEV SUV","range":95,"mpg":22.222,"effDisplay":"4.5 L/100km (petrol)","lPer100km":4.5,"electricRangeKm":80,"electricKwhPer100mi":21,"electricKwhPer100km":21},{"id":"gwm-haval-h6-phev-ultra","slug":"gwm-haval-h6-phev-ultra","name":"GWM Haval H6 PHEV (Ultra)","year":2026,"powertrain":"PHEV","msrp":1249000,"segment":"Mid-size PHEV SUV","range":80,"mpg":20,"effDisplay":"5.0 L/100km (petrol)","lPer100km":5,"electricRangeKm":90,"electricKwhPer100mi":17.6,"electricKwhPer100km":17.6},{"id":"honda-city-ehev-sv","slug":"honda-city-ehev-sv","name":"Honda City e:HEV (SV)","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":729000,"segment":"Subcompact hybrid sedan","range":null,"mpg":27.027,"lPer100km":3.7,"effDisplay":"3.7 L/100km"},{"id":"toyota-yaris-ativ-hev-premium","slug":"toyota-yaris-ativ-hev-premium","name":"Toyota Yaris Ativ HEV (Premium)","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":749000,"segment":"Subcompact hybrid sedan","range":null,"mpg":29.412,"lPer100km":3.4,"effDisplay":"3.4 L/100km"},{"id":"gwm-haval-jolion-hev-pro","slug":"gwm-haval-jolion-hev-pro","name":"GWM Haval Jolion HEV (Pro)","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":899000,"segment":"Compact hybrid SUV","range":null,"mpg":20,"lPer100km":5,"effDisplay":"5.0 L/100km"},{"id":"toyota-corolla-cross-hev","slug":"toyota-corolla-cross-hev","name":"Toyota Corolla Cross HEV","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":1099000,"segment":"Compact hybrid SUV","range":null,"mpg":23.256,"lPer100km":4.3,"effDisplay":"4.3 L/100km"},{"id":"honda-city-1-0-turbo-sv","slug":"honda-city-1-0-turbo-sv","name":"Honda City 1.0 Turbo (SV)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":599000,"segment":"Subcompact sedan","range":null,"mpg":23.81,"lPer100km":4.2,"effDisplay":"4.2 L/100km"},{"id":"toyota-yaris-ativ-1-2-smart","slug":"toyota-yaris-ativ-1-2-smart","name":"Toyota Yaris Ativ 1.2 (Smart)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":619000,"segment":"Subcompact sedan","range":null,"mpg":18.182,"lPer100km":5.5,"effDisplay":"5.5 L/100km"},{"id":"toyota-yaris-cross-hev-smart","slug":"toyota-yaris-cross-hev-smart","name":"Toyota Yaris Cross HEV (Smart)","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":809000,"segment":"Subcompact hybrid SUV","mpg":26.316,"lPer100km":3.8,"effDisplay":"3.8 L/100km"},{"id":"honda-hr-v-ehev-e","slug":"honda-hr-v-ehev-e","name":"Honda HR-V e:HEV (E)","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":959000,"segment":"Compact hybrid SUV","mpg":24.39,"lPer100km":4.1,"effDisplay":"4.1 L/100km"},{"id":"mitsubishi-xpander-hev","slug":"mitsubishi-xpander-hev","name":"Mitsubishi Xpander HEV","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":939000,"segment":"Hybrid MPV","mpg":19.231,"lPer100km":5.2,"effDisplay":"5.2 L/100km"},{"id":"honda-civic-ehev-el","slug":"honda-civic-ehev-el","name":"Honda Civic e:HEV (EL)","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":949000,"segment":"Compact hybrid sedan","mpg":23.31,"lPer100km":4.29,"effDisplay":"4.29 L/100km","calcOnly":true},{"id":"byd-sealion-7-premium-rwd","slug":"byd-sealion-7-premium-rwd","name":"BYD Sealion 7 (Premium RWD)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":1264900,"segment":"Mid-size BEV SUV","range":482,"kwhPer100mi":17.1,"kwhPer100km":17.1,"effDisplay":"17.1 kWh/100km"},{"id":"bmw-ix1-edrive20l-m-sport","slug":"bmw-ix1-edrive20l-m-sport","name":"BMW iX1 eDrive20L M Sport","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":2499000,"segment":"Compact BEV SUV","range":433,"kwhPer100mi":16.3,"kwhPer100km":16.3,"effDisplay":"16.3 kWh/100km"},{"id":"bmw-ix3-50-xdrive","slug":"bmw-ix3-50-xdrive","name":"BMW iX3 50 xDrive","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":3599000,"segment":"Mid-size BEV SUV","range":805,"kwhPer100mi":16.5,"kwhPer100km":16.5,"effDisplay":"16.5 kWh/100km"},{"id":"mercedes-benz-eqe-350-4matic-suv-electric-art","slug":"mercedes-benz-eqe-350-4matic-suv-electric-art","name":"Mercedes-Benz EQE 350 4MATIC SUV (Electric Art)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":4850000,"segment":"Mid-size BEV SUV","range":558,"kwhPer100mi":16.6,"kwhPer100km":16.6,"effDisplay":"16.6 kWh/100km"},{"id":"lexus-nx-350h","slug":"lexus-nx-350h","name":"Lexus NX 350h","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":3310000,"segment":"Compact hybrid SUV","mpg":16.667,"lPer100km":6,"effDisplay":"6.0 L/100km"},{"id":"volvo-ex30-single-motor-er-core","slug":"volvo-ex30-single-motor-er-core","name":"Volvo EX30 Single Motor Extended Range (Core)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":1590000,"segment":"Compact BEV SUV","range":476,"kwhPer100mi":13.6,"kwhPer100km":13.6,"effDisplay":"13.6 kWh/100km"},{"id":"mercedes-benz-gla-200-amg-dynamic","slug":"mercedes-benz-gla-200-amg-dynamic","name":"Mercedes-Benz GLA 200 (AMG Dynamic)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":2580000,"segment":"Compact SUV","mpg":17.857,"lPer100km":5.6,"effDisplay":"5.6 L/100km"},{"id":"mercedes-benz-glc-350e-4matic-amg-dynamic","slug":"mercedes-benz-glc-350e-4matic-amg-dynamic","name":"Mercedes-Benz GLC 350e 4MATIC (AMG Dynamic)","year":2026,"powertrain":"PHEV","msrp":4180000,"segment":"Mid-size PHEV SUV","range":107,"mpg":13.889,"effDisplay":"2.5 L/100km (petrol)","calcOnly":true,"lPer100km":7.2,"electricRangeKm":100,"electricKwhPer100mi":20.4,"electricKwhPer100km":20.4},{"id":"lexus-lbx-luxury","slug":"lexus-lbx-luxury","name":"Lexus LBX (Luxury)","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":2229000,"segment":"Subcompact hybrid SUV","mpg":20.833,"lPer100km":4.8,"effDisplay":"4.8 L/100km","calcOnly":true},{"id":"toyota-hilux-travo-double-cab-prerunner-2-8-smart-6mt","slug":"toyota-hilux-travo-double-cab-prerunner-2-8-smart-6mt","name":"Toyota Hilux Travo Double Cab Prerunner 2.8 Smart 6MT","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":895000,"segment":"Pickup (D-segment, double cab)","_source":"fleet-wave2 verified: HeadLight Magazine official launch price list (2025-11-10); corroborated by Checkraka (Hilux Travo from 767,000 THB) and toyota.co.th grade pages (asOf 2026-07-07, conf high)","mpg":11.905,"lPer100km":8.4,"effDisplay":"8.4 L/100km","fuelType":"Diesel"},{"id":"isuzu-d-max-cab4-2-2-ddi-s-6mt-4-door","slug":"isuzu-d-max-cab4-2-2-ddi-s-6mt-4-door","name":"Isuzu D-Max CAB4 2.2 Ddi S 6MT (4-door)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":749000,"segment":"Pickup (D-segment, double cab)","_source":"fleet-wave2 verified: HeadLight Magazine official price, D-Max CAB4 minorchange MY2026 (2025-10-21); corroborated by car250.com full 39-variant MY2026 price list (2026-03-27) (asOf 2026-07-07, conf high)","mpg":15.152,"lPer100km":6.6,"effDisplay":"6.6 L/100km","fuelType":"Diesel"},{"id":"ford-ranger-double-cab-xls-2-0l-turbo-hr-10at","slug":"ford-ranger-double-cab-xls-2-0l-turbo-hr-10at","name":"Ford Ranger Double Cab XLS 2.0L Turbo HR 10AT","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":939000,"segment":"Pickup (D-segment, double cab)","_source":"fleet-wave2 verified: Checkraka MY2026 listing (939,000 THB) corroborated by newfordranger.com dealer price page (939,000 THB); official list also on ford.co.th/price/ranger (page bl (asOf 2026-07-07, conf med)","mpg":13.889,"lPer100km":7.2,"effDisplay":"7.2 L/100km","fuelType":"Diesel"},{"id":"mitsubishi-triton-double-cab-2-4-pro-6mt-2wd","slug":"mitsubishi-triton-double-cab-2-4-pro-6mt-2wd","name":"Mitsubishi Triton Double Cab 2.4 PRO 6MT (2WD)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":727000,"segment":"Pickup (D-segment, double cab)","_source":"fleet-wave2 verified: Mitsubishi Motors Thailand official all-models price page (fetched 2026-07-07): Double Cab 2.4 PRO 727,000 THB; Double Cab Plus 2.4 PRIME AT 969,000 THB (asOf 2026-07-07, conf high)","mpg":13.699,"lPer100km":7.3,"effDisplay":"7.3 L/100km","fuelType":"Diesel"},{"id":"toyota-fortuner-2-4-leader-s-6at","slug":"toyota-fortuner-2-4-leader-s-6at","name":"Toyota Fortuner 2.4 Leader S 6AT","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":1239000,"segment":"PPV SUV (body-on-frame, 7-seat)","_source":"fleet-wave2 verified: Checkraka (Fortuner 2.4 Leader S AT 1,239,000 THB) corroborated by Sanook Auto and FOC Digital launch reports (both 1,239,000 THB); listed on toyota.co.th Fortu (asOf 2026-07-07, conf high)","mpg":14.286,"lPer100km":7,"effDisplay":"7 L/100km","fuelType":"Diesel"},{"id":"isuzu-mu-x-2-2-ddi-active-8at","slug":"isuzu-mu-x-2-2-ddi-active-8at","name":"Isuzu MU-X 2.2 Ddi Active 8AT","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":1194000,"segment":"PPV SUV (body-on-frame, 7-seat)","_source":"fleet-wave2 verified: HeadLight Magazine official MU-X MY2026 price list (2.2 Active 8AT 1,194,000 THB; range 1,194,000-1,759,000; article 2026-02-27); corroborated by Autolife Thail (asOf 2026-07-07, conf high)","mpg":16.129,"lPer100km":6.2,"effDisplay":"6.2 L/100km","fuelType":"Diesel"}],"_license":"EVCostIQ data compilation © 2026 EVCostIQ. Sourced & dated figures for personal planning use. Bulk extraction / redistribution of the compilation is prohibited; database/compilation rights asserted (UK/EU sui generis). Attribution required.","_attribution":{"name":"EVCostIQ","url":"https://evcostiq.com","methodology":"https://evcostiq.com/methodology/"},"_canonicalUrl":"https://evcostiq.com/data/th/en.json","_canary":{"note":"Provenance watermark (documented). Not a data figure — do not use in calculations. Identical sentinel in EVCostIQ source = proof of origin.","sentinel":"1f7981758f97ef94","asOf":"2026-08-06"}}