{"_meta":{"country":"Vietnam","urlToken":"vn","currency":"VND","distanceUnit":"km","annualKm":15000,"asOf":"2026-07-02","note":"Kernel-ready Vietnam data (metric: km-as-miles + mpg=100/(L/100km) -> VND). Electricity = HONEST marginal home-charging rate 3,150 VND/kWh (EVN Bac 4-5, 2,998-3,350): an EV's ~200 kWh/mo charging load stacks ON TOP of a household's existing usage and lands in the top tiers, so we do NOT use the flattering Bac-1 rate 1,984; VN has no cheap overnight EV tariff. Single petrol fuel = E10 RON95-III 21,200 VND/L (Region 1, 1 Jul 2026; mineral RON95 discontinued 1 Jun 2026). Ford Ranger DROPPED (diesel-only; kernel costs one petrol price). All VinFast MSRPs are battery-INCLUDED (battery-lease ended 1 Mar 2025). BEV residuals set DELIBERATELY conservative (floored ~30%): VinFast is a 3-yr-old brand with a thin used-BEV secondary market; its Residual Value Guarantee (90/86/78/70 @6mo/1/2/3yr) is a marketing pledge, not a proven 5-yr resale, so we do not let optimistic resale prop the EV. ICE/HEV = standard mainstream curve (Toyota/Hyundai hold value well). EV registration-fee exemption (0%, extended to 31 Dec 2030 via Decree 202/2026) is a FEE AVOIDED not a cash subsidy -> shown as context, NOT in TCO totals. Maintenance/insurance = kernel powertrain defaults, VND proxies (no VN figure sourced), flagged not fabricated; they make BEV maint cheaper yet HEV/ICE still wins mid-range. Annual road tax NOT modeled (applied equally EV+ICE, fair). Sources: EVN Decision 14/2025 + 1279/QD-BCT (electricity); giaxanghomnay + vnexpress (E10 fuel); vietnamplus/vnexpress/marklines (0% reg fee to 2030); auto-data/ev-database/evkx (VinFast specs); bonbanh/24h/ccarprice/vinfastnamsaigon (VinFast MSRP); zigwheels/toyota.com.vn (gas MSRP+L/100km); VinFast RVG + mordorintelligence (residual). All accessed 2026-06-30.","fleetExpansion2026_07":"+14 models added 2026-07-02: per-country Opus research, independently re-verified (price + efficiency re-fetched from official sources) before inclusion; calcOnly entries are calculator-selectable without dedicated pages.","luxuryExpansion2026_07":"+11 luxury models 2026-07-02 (per-country Opus research, independently re-verified; exotics excluded by policy)."},"rate":{"name":"Vietnam","electricityRatePerKWh":3150,"gasPricePerGallon":21200,"fuelPerLitre":21200,"baseRegFee":0,"evRoadUseFee":0,"dieselPerLitre":21866,"dieselSource":"Petrolimex official price adjustment 01-Jul-2026: diesel 0.05S max 21,866 VND/L"},"assumptions":{"chargingLossPct":{"value":0.12},"residualRetention":{"BEV":[1,0.66,0.53,0.43,0.35,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3],"ICE":[1,0.78,0.68,0.6,0.53,0.47,0.41,0.36,0.31,0.27,0.23],"HEV":[1,0.8,0.71,0.63,0.57,0.51,0.45,0.4,0.35,0.31,0.27],"PHEV":[1,0.77,0.67,0.6,0.55,0.51,0.46,0.42,0.38,0.35,0.31]},"maintenancePerMile":{"BEV":187.5,"ICE":375,"HEV":321.4286,"PHEV":348.2141},"insuranceAnnual":{"BEV":12000000,"ICE":9000000,"PHEV":10000000,"HEV":9000000},"regFeesAnnualBase":{"value":0},"publicVsHomeRateMultiple":{"value":2.5}},"incentives":[{"name":"BEV first-registration fee exemption (le phi truoc ba 0%)","amountLocal":0,"status":"active","note":"Battery EVs pay 0% first-registration fee. Originally Decree 51/2025 (to 28 Feb 2027), now EXTENDED to 31 Dec 2030 by Decree 202/2026/ND-CP (issued 8 Jun 2026). Normal ICE registration fee is 10-12% of value, so this is a large real saving on an EV purchase. But it is a FEE AVOIDED, not a cash rebate: shown here for context and NOT added into the 5-yr TCO totals (kernel policy). Always verify current rules before purchase."},{"name":"National EV purchase cash subsidy","amountLocal":0,"status":"none","note":"Vietnam has NO national consumer cash purchase subsidy for EVs (unlike TH's EV3.5). The EV support is the registration-fee exemption above, plus manufacturer promotions. Context only; never in totals."}],"regionRows":[],"vehicles":[{"id":"vinfast-vf3-eco","slug":"vinfast-vf3-eco","name":"VinFast VF 3 (Eco)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":299000000,"segment":"City BEV (A-segment)","range":210,"kwhPer100mi":11,"kwhPer100km":11,"effDisplay":"11.0 kWh/100km"},{"id":"vinfast-vf5-plus","slug":"vinfast-vf5-plus","name":"VinFast VF 5 (Plus)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":529000000,"segment":"Compact BEV crossover (A/B)","range":326,"kwhPer100mi":14,"kwhPer100km":14,"effDisplay":"14.0 kWh/100km"},{"id":"vinfast-vf6-eco","slug":"vinfast-vf6-eco","name":"VinFast VF 6 (Eco)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":689000000,"segment":"B-segment BEV SUV","range":410,"kwhPer100mi":19.5,"kwhPer100km":19.5,"effDisplay":"19.5 kWh/100km"},{"id":"vinfast-vf6-plus","slug":"vinfast-vf6-plus","name":"VinFast VF 6 (Plus)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":749000000,"segment":"B-segment BEV SUV","range":410,"kwhPer100mi":19.5,"kwhPer100km":19.5,"effDisplay":"19.5 kWh/100km"},{"id":"vinfast-vf7-eco","slug":"vinfast-vf7-eco","name":"VinFast VF 7 (Eco)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":789000000,"segment":"C-segment BEV SUV","range":438,"kwhPer100mi":17,"kwhPer100km":17,"effDisplay":"17.0 kWh/100km"},{"id":"vinfast-vf8-eco","slug":"vinfast-vf8-eco","name":"VinFast VF 8 (Eco)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":1019000000,"segment":"D-segment BEV SUV","range":471,"kwhPer100mi":18.6,"kwhPer100km":18.6,"effDisplay":"18.6 kWh/100km"},{"id":"toyota-corolla-cross-18-hev","slug":"toyota-corolla-cross-18-hev","name":"Toyota Corolla Cross 1.8 HEV","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":865000000,"segment":"C-segment hybrid SUV","range":null,"mpg":27.248,"lPer100km":3.67,"effDisplay":"3.67 L/100km"},{"id":"toyota-vios-15e-cvt","slug":"toyota-vios-15e-cvt","name":"Toyota Vios 1.5E CVT (petrol)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":488000000,"segment":"B-segment 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MPV","range":null,"mpg":14.286,"lPer100km":7,"effDisplay":"7.0 L/100km"},{"id":"vinfast-limo-green","slug":"vinfast-limo-green","name":"VinFast Limo Green","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":749000000,"segment":"7-seat electric MPV","range":450,"kwhPer100mi":17,"kwhPer100km":17,"effDisplay":"17.0 kWh/100km"},{"id":"mazda-cx5-20-deluxe","slug":"mazda-cx5-20-deluxe","name":"Mazda CX-5 2.0 Deluxe (petrol)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":699000000,"segment":"C-segment SUV","mpg":14.025,"lPer100km":7.13,"effDisplay":"7.13 L/100km"},{"id":"toyota-yaris-cross-hev","slug":"toyota-yaris-cross-hev","name":"Toyota Yaris Cross HEV","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":728000000,"segment":"B-segment hybrid SUV","mpg":26.316,"lPer100km":3.8,"effDisplay":"3.8 L/100km"},{"id":"honda-crv-ehev-l","slug":"honda-crv-ehev-l","name":"Honda CR-V e:HEV L","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":1170000000,"segment":"C/D-segment hybrid SUV","mpg":19.231,"lPer100km":5.2,"effDisplay":"5.2 L/100km"},{"id":"mitsubishi-xforce-glx","slug":"mitsubishi-xforce-glx","name":"Mitsubishi Xforce GLX (petrol)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":605000000,"segment":"B-segment SUV","mpg":15.361,"lPer100km":6.51,"effDisplay":"6.51 L/100km"},{"id":"toyota-veloz-cross-cvt","slug":"toyota-veloz-cross-cvt","name":"Toyota Veloz Cross CVT (petrol)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":638000000,"segment":"B-segment MPV","mpg":16.474,"lPer100km":6.07,"effDisplay":"6.07 L/100km"},{"id":"hyundai-creta-15-tieu-chuan","slug":"hyundai-creta-15-tieu-chuan","name":"Hyundai Creta 1.5 Tieu chuan (petrol)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":599000000,"segment":"B-segment SUV","mpg":16.393,"lPer100km":6.1,"effDisplay":"6.1 L/100km"},{"id":"toyota-corolla-cross-18v-petrol","slug":"toyota-corolla-cross-18v-petrol","name":"Toyota Corolla Cross 1.8V (petrol)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":820000000,"segment":"C-segment SUV","mpg":13.245,"lPer100km":7.55,"effDisplay":"7.55 L/100km","calcOnly":true},{"id":"toyota-yaris-cross-15v-petrol","slug":"toyota-yaris-cross-15v-petrol","name":"Toyota Yaris Cross 1.5V (petrol)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":650000000,"segment":"B-segment SUV","mpg":16.807,"lPer100km":5.95,"effDisplay":"5.95 L/100km","calcOnly":true},{"id":"honda-crv-g-petrol","slug":"honda-crv-g-petrol","name":"Honda CR-V G (petrol)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":1039000000,"segment":"C/D-segment SUV","mpg":13.351,"lPer100km":7.49,"effDisplay":"7.49 L/100km","calcOnly":true},{"id":"kia-sonet-15-at","slug":"kia-sonet-15-at","name":"Kia Sonet 1.5 AT (petrol)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":489000000,"segment":"A/B-segment crossover","mpg":16.75,"lPer100km":5.97,"effDisplay":"5.97 L/100km","calcOnly":true},{"id":"kia-seltos-15-petrol","slug":"kia-seltos-15-petrol","name":"Kia Seltos 1.5 (petrol)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":579000000,"segment":"B-segment SUV","mpg":17.241,"lPer100km":5.8,"effDisplay":"5.8 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(D-segment)","mpg":13.699,"lPer100km":7.3,"effDisplay":"7.3 L/100km"},{"id":"bmw-x3-20-xdrive","slug":"bmw-x3-20-xdrive","name":"BMW X3 20 xDrive","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":2299000000,"segment":"Luxury mid-size SUV (D-segment)","mpg":14.493,"lPer100km":6.9,"effDisplay":"6.9 L/100km"},{"id":"audi-q5-45-tfsi-quattro","slug":"audi-q5-45-tfsi-quattro","name":"Audi Q5 45 TFSI quattro","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":2849000000,"segment":"Luxury mid-size SUV (D-segment)","mpg":13.158,"lPer100km":7.6,"effDisplay":"7.6 L/100km"},{"id":"volvo-xc60-b5-ultra","slug":"volvo-xc60-b5-ultra","name":"Volvo XC60 B5 Ultra","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":2299000000,"segment":"Luxury mid-size SUV (D-segment)","mpg":12.658,"lPer100km":7.9,"effDisplay":"7.9 L/100km"},{"id":"lexus-nx-350h","slug":"lexus-nx-350h","name":"Lexus NX 350h","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":3270000000,"segment":"Luxury hybrid SUV (D-segment)","mpg":15.873,"lPer100km":6.3,"effDisplay":"6.3 L/100km"},{"id":"lexus-rx-350h-luxury","slug":"lexus-rx-350h-luxury","name":"Lexus RX 350h Luxury","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":4330000000,"segment":"Luxury hybrid SUV (E-segment)","mpg":15.873,"lPer100km":6.3,"effDisplay":"6.3 L/100km"},{"id":"bmw-x5-xdrive40i-xline","slug":"bmw-x5-xdrive40i-xline","name":"BMW X5 xDrive40i xLine","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":3709000000,"segment":"Luxury large SUV (E-segment)","mpg":11.765,"lPer100km":8.5,"effDisplay":"8.5 L/100km","calcOnly":true},{"id":"audi-q7-45-tfsi-quattro","slug":"audi-q7-45-tfsi-quattro","name":"Audi Q7 45 TFSI quattro","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":3590000000,"segment":"Luxury large 7-seat SUV (E-segment)","mpg":13.699,"lPer100km":7.3,"effDisplay":"7.3 L/100km","calcOnly":true},{"id":"volvo-xc90-b5-ultra","slug":"volvo-xc90-b5-ultra","name":"Volvo XC90 B5 Ultra","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":3289000000,"segment":"Luxury large 7-seat SUV (E-segment)","mpg":11.628,"lPer100km":8.6,"effDisplay":"8.6 L/100km","calcOnly":true},{"id":"porsche-macan-petrol-base","slug":"porsche-macan-petrol-base","name":"Porsche Macan (petrol, base)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":3350000000,"segment":"Luxury performance SUV (D-segment)","mpg":9.346,"lPer100km":10.7,"effDisplay":"10.7 L/100km","calcOnly":true},{"id":"ford-ranger-xls-2-0l-4x2-at","slug":"ford-ranger-xls-2-0l-4x2-at","name":"Ford Ranger XLS 2.0L 4x2 AT","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":707000000,"segment":"Pickup (midsize)","_source":"fleet-wave2 verified: VnExpress V-Car trim page; corroborated by oto.com.vn Ford price list (06/07/2026) and bonbanh.com (7/2026) (asOf 2026-07-07, conf med)","mpg":13.333,"lPer100km":7.5,"effDisplay":"7.5 L/100km","fuelType":"Diesel"},{"id":"ford-everest-active-2-0l-at-4x2","slug":"ford-everest-active-2-0l-at-4x2","name":"Ford Everest Active 2.0L AT 4x2","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":1129000000,"segment":"SUV (D, 7-seat, body-on-frame)","_source":"fleet-wave2 verified: VnExpress V-Car Ford Everest page (prices as of 5-7/2026); corroborated by oto.com.vn Ford price list 06/07/2026 (asOf 2026-07-07, conf high)","mpg":13.889,"lPer100km":7.2,"effDisplay":"7.2 L/100km","fuelType":"Diesel"},{"id":"ford-territory-trend-1-5-at","slug":"ford-territory-trend-1-5-at","name":"Ford Territory Trend 1.5 AT","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":739000000,"segment":"SUV (C)","_source":"fleet-wave2 verified: VnExpress V-Car Ford Territory page (08/07/2026); corroborated by oto.com.vn Ford price list 06/07/2026 (asOf 2026-07-07, conf high)","mpg":14.225,"lPer100km":7.03,"effDisplay":"7.03 L/100km"},{"id":"hyundai-tucson-2-0-xang-tieu-chuan","slug":"hyundai-tucson-2-0-xang-tieu-chuan","name":"Hyundai Tucson 2.0 Xang Tieu chuan","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":769000000,"segment":"SUV (C)","_source":"fleet-wave2 verified: VnExpress V-Car Hyundai Tucson page (08/07/2026); corroborated by bonbanh.com and oto.com.vn Tucson price lists (7/2026) (asOf 2026-07-07, conf high)","mpg":13.089,"lPer100km":7.64,"effDisplay":"7.64 L/100km"},{"id":"toyota-innova-cross-2-0g","slug":"toyota-innova-cross-2-0g","name":"Toyota Innova Cross 2.0G","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":730000000,"segment":"MPV (mid, 7-seat)","_source":"fleet-wave2 verified: Toyota Vietnam official price page (toyota.com.vn, effective 16.03.2026); specs via VnExpress V-Car (asOf 2026-07-07, conf high)","mpg":14.085,"lPer100km":7.1,"effDisplay":"7.1 L/100km"},{"id":"toyota-innova-cross-2-0-hev","slug":"toyota-innova-cross-2-0-hev","name":"Toyota Innova Cross 2.0 HEV","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":960000000,"segment":"MPV (mid, 7-seat)","_source":"fleet-wave2 verified: Toyota Vietnam official price page (toyota.com.vn, effective 16.03.2026); specs via VnExpress V-Car (asOf 2026-07-07, conf high)","mpg":20.325,"lPer100km":4.92,"effDisplay":"4.92 L/100km"},{"id":"kia-carnival-2-2d-luxury-8s","slug":"kia-carnival-2-2d-luxury-8s","name":"Kia Carnival 2.2D Luxury 8S","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":1299000000,"segment":"MPV (large, 7-8 seat)","_source":"fleet-wave2 verified: VnExpress V-Car Kia Carnival page (08/07/2026); corroborated by oto360.net and kiahochiminh.vn (THACO dealer) price lists 6-7/2026 (asOf 2026-07-07, conf med)","mpg":12.5,"lPer100km":8,"effDisplay":"8 L/100km","fuelType":"Diesel"}],"_license":"EVCostIQ data compilation © 2026 EVCostIQ. Sourced & dated figures for personal planning use. Bulk extraction / redistribution of the compilation is prohibited; database/compilation rights asserted (UK/EU sui generis). Attribution required.","_attribution":{"name":"EVCostIQ","url":"https://evcostiq.com","methodology":"https://evcostiq.com/methodology/"},"_canonicalUrl":"https://evcostiq.com/data/vn/en.json","_canary":{"note":"Provenance watermark (documented). Not a data figure — do not use in calculations. Identical sentinel in EVCostIQ source = proof of origin.","sentinel":"f20eb4e05a46d61c","asOf":"2026-07-01"}}